Cov hlau yog ib qho hlau phom hlau thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog carbon, uas yog siv rau kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam kev siv vim tias nws lub zog tensile siab thiab pheej yig. (Wikipedia)
Hauv qab no yog qee hom ntawm lawv.
1) Carbon steel
Cov pa roj carbon, tseem hu ua carbon steel, yog cov ntsiab lus qis tshaj 2% WC hlau carbon alloy. Carbon steel ntxiv rau cov roj feem ntau kuj muaj ib qho me me ntawm silicon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus tau muab faib ua cov hlau, carbon hlau, cov roj cav thiab cov cav ntoo ua dawb. Carbon steel hlau yog muab faib ua vaj tse hlau thiab tshuab steel hlau. Carbon steel tau muab faib ua cov pa carbon tsawg (WC ≤ 0.25%), cov pa carbon nrab nrab (WC 0.25% - 0.6%) raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Thiab cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau (WC> 0.6%) raws li phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus yuav muab faib ua cov pa luam yeeb hlau (phosphorus, sulfur siab), cov pa roj carbon zoo (phosphorus, sulfur low); High-quality steel (phosphorus, sulfur lower) General carbon ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau yog siab, siab dua qhov nyuaj, siab dua lub zog, tab sis cov yas yog tsawg
2) Carbon structural steel
"Q" rau cov lus taw qhia "flexion" ntawm Suav phonetic prefix, tus naj npawb uas tus nqi lus muaj txiaj ntsig, piv txwv li, Q275, hais tias qhov kev tawm lus yog qhov txiaj ntsim ntawm qhov kev tawm los, "Q" yog cov kis tau, 275Mpa . Yog hais tias kos tus cim tom qab kos ntawv A, B, C, D, ces cia li sib txawv ntawm qib zoo, suav nrog S, P kom txo qhov nyiaj ntawm cov hlau zoo tig. Yog tias lub cim tom qab kos tus cim "F" yog lub npauj npau npau, cim "b" rau cov tshuab ua rau cov hlua dub, tsis muaj cim "F" lossis "b" yog tua cov hlau. Piv txwv li, Q235-A · F uas kis tau tus taw tes 235Mpa rau A-qib npau steel, Q235-C uas yog qhov chaw kis ntawm 235Mpa C-hoob kawm tua cov hlau steel hauv cov qauv hauv qab tsis yog kev kho cua sov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeev muab khoom ncaj qha . Feem ntau Q195, Q215, Q235 steel, cov ntsiab lus qis, kev ntsuas kev zoo, kev zoo, kev muaj zog, feem ntau dov mus rau hauv nplooj ntawv, steel, welded steel yeeb nkab, siv choj, kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov ciaj ciam, qhov chaw. Q255 thiab Q275 steel cov ntsiab lus yog me ntsis siab dua, siab zog, zoo dua qub, muaj zog, muaj peev xwm yuav tau welded, feem ntau yog steel, steel thiab steel rau tej yam khoom thiab qhov siv ua ntawm qhov yooj yim kho tshuab, iav,
3) Cov dej khov loj zoo
Qhov hom hlau no yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom kho tshuab. Cov qib nws yog siv ob cov cim uas nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm steel hauv pawg feem ntau (WC × 10000). Piv txwv li, 45 steel, said qhov nruab nrab carbon ntsiab lus ntawm hlau yog 0.45%; 08 steel, said qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau 0.08% Zoo carbon steel hlau yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm lub tshuab qhov chaw. Feem ntau yuav tsum tau los ntawm kev kho cua kub kom txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog. Raws li qhov sib txawv feem feem ntawm cov carbon, muaj ntau yam siv. 08,08F, 10,10F steel, plasticity, high toughness, zoo heev txias kev ua tau zoo thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo, feem ntau txias tuaj rau hauv cov phaj nyias, rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb thiab tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab lwm yam.; 15,20,25 steel rau cov khoom me me loj loj, lub teeb ntsig txog, qhov yuav tsum tau hnav-resistant, lub plawv yuav tsum muaj ntawm daim ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov khoom txawb, xws li hlua piston, qauv, thiab lwm yam; 30,35,40,45, 50 hlau tom qab cua sov kho tau muaj kev sib txuam txhua yam zoo, uas yog, siab zog thiab siab heev, muaj zog, rau ntawm qhov sib txuam, xws li 40,45 steel feem ntau siv los ua kev tsim ntawm tsheb, tsheb laij teb sib txuas, tsheb nqaj hlau txuas, tshuab tshuab sib tsoo, tshuab khoom cuab yeej thiab lwm qhov sib txig ntawm kev ntxhov siab me ntsis; 55,60,65 steel kub kho nrog kev siab zog txwv, feem ntau siv hauv qhov khoom thauj me me tsis yog me me, me me ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Ciav dej, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav plunger, txias coil caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab ntxiv rau
4) Cov cuab yeej carbon steel
Cov cuab yeej carbon steel yeej yog cov tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.65% -1.35%, nws cov nqi qis, yooj yim nkag rau cov ntaub ntawv raw, nws yog dav siv steel, siv los ua tag nrho cov hom txiav cov cuab yeej, tuaj pwm, tiam sis hom hlau liab hardness yog pluag, uas yog, thaum ua hauj lwm kub siab tshaj 250 ℃, qhov hardness thiab hnav tsis taus ntawm steel yuav ntse Txo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej cov hlau, xws li ua los ntawm cov qhov loj loj tsis yog yooj yim hardened, thiab nquag deform thiab tawg
5) Ib qho yooj yim kom txiav cov cua steel
Yooj yim rau kev txiav steel hlau yog ntxiv hauv cov hlau ua steel brittle ntsiab, li ntawd thaum txiav steel txiav brittle tawg rau hauv daim, uas yuav pab txhim kho txoj kev ceev thiab ntev lub cuab tam lub neej. Yog li ntawd cov brittle ntsiab yog tsuas yog leej faj, nyob rau hauv cov qauv low-alloy ntawm pes tsawg-alloy hlau siv nyob rau hauv cov hlau lead, tellurium, bismuth thiab lwm yam ntawm cov hlau WS WS hauv 0.08% -0.03% range, tus nqi ntawm manganese hauv WMn 0.60% rau 1.55%. Sulfur thiab manganese nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm manganese sulfide, manganese sulfide yog heev brittle thiab lubricating ua hauj lwm, yog li hais tias txiav yooj yim tawg, thiab pab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub nto zauv
6) hlau phom
Ntxiv rau cov hlau, cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab ib qho me me ntawm inevitable silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur hais, tab sis kuj muaj ib qho kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov hlau, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, npib tsib xees, pob zeb, titanium, Niobium, boron, lead, tsawg lub ntiaj teb thiab lwm yam ntawm ib lossis ntau tshaj ntawm cov hlau hu ua hlau alloy steel tshuab, nrog lawv cov kev pab, ntau lawm thiab siv cov kev mob sib txawv, kev tsim tawm ntawm cov teb chaws txawv yav dhau los, nickel, Ge Hlau system, Suav teb hlau fais fab hlau, hlau ntoo, cov kabmob hlau, cov hlau thawv hlau hlau , high-speed lub cuab yeej hlau, stainless hlau, tawv tawv-resistant tawv tsis muaj peev xwm them taus, hluav taws xob hlau nrog silicon hlau
7) Ordinary low-alloy steel
Ordinary low-alloy steel yog ib hom qauv zoo tib yam hlau uas muaj ib qho me me ntawm alloying ntsiab (feem ntau, nws cov nyiaj tag nrho W tsis yog ntau tshaj 3%). Cov hlau no kuj ua tau zoo dua qub, qhov kev ua tau zoo dua qub, thiab muaj kev txhim khu, hnyav thiab ua haujlwm zoo, vuam cov kev kawm hauv ntau ntau cov kev ua txhua yam los txuag cov neeg mob, feem ntau yog 1 tuj ntawm qhov tsis sib xws yuav ua tau rau sab saum toj 1.2-1.3 tons ntawm cov hlau siv, nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej thiab siv ntau yog deb ntau dua carbon steel. Ordinary tsawg-alloy steel smelting hom yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv qhib hearth rauv, converter smelting, cov nqi thiab cov cov hlau nyob ze
8) Engineering qauv nrog hlau hlau
Qhov no yog hais txog hlau phom rau engineering thiab tsev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, hlau hlau, hlau phom hlau, hlau alloy rau roj av drilling, phom hlau hlau rau siab hlab ntsha, siab manganese hnav resistant hlau, thiab lwm yam. Qhov hom hlau no siv los ua kev tsim vaj tse thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv vaj hauv tsev, cov hlau phom, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau phom yog tsawg, tab sis cov khoom siv, kev siv loj
9) Mechanical hlau hlau hlau hlau
Cov hlau no yog hlau alloy hlau tsim rau kev siv lub tshuab thiab tshuab qhov chaw. Nws yog nyob rau hauv high-quality carbon steel, raws li qhov tsim nyog los koom nrog ib los yog ob peb lub ntsiab lus, siv los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, muaj zog thiab tawv nqaij. Cov hom hlau no feem ntau yog siv tom qab kev kho cua sov. Qhov tseem ceeb xws li siv feem ntau cov hlau phom thiab hlau hlav hlau ua ob pawg, suav nrog cov cua quenched thiab tempered hlau hlau, qhov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau txhuam, hlau-ua yas hlau alloy steel. Raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev tau muab faib ua Mn hlau, SiMn steel, Cr steel, CrMo steel, CrNiMo steel, Ni steel, B steel
10) Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam, kev co los yog kev siv ntev ntawm kev sib tw, kev xav tau ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau nrog high tensile lub zog, elastic txwv, high qaug zog lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem yuav tsum ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel muaj ib yam hardenability, tsis yooj yim rau decarburization, nto zoo carbon hlav steel uas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm WC 0.6% -0.9% ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel structural. Alloy lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau yog tsuas yog silicon-manganese hlau, lawv cov ntsiab lus yog me ntsis qis, tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus silicon Wsi los txhim kho kev kawm; ntxiv rau Ge, tungsten, vanadium alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tag nrho nrog rau Tuam Tshoj cov kev pab cuam thiab raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab rau tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb tsim, cov hlau tshiab nrog cov khoom xws li boron, niobium thiab molybdenum tau raug tsim los ntawm Sab Si-Mn hlau, uas yog lub sij hawm ntev kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm springs thiab pab kho lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo
11) Cov kabmob hlau
Cov kabmob siv yog siv los ua pob, cov menyuam thiab kev coj tus kheej cov hlua hlau. Cov kabmob hauv kev ua haujlwm yog ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib txhuam, qhov ntawd yuav tsum muaj cov kabmob uas muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, thiab kev siab dav. Bearing steel chemical composition of uniformity, cov ntsiab lus uas tsis yog xim hlau cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib tawm, cov khoom siv sib faib khoom yuav tsum muaj cov kab nrawm steel heev, kuj paub tias cov pa roj carbon, cov dej Wc muaj li 1%, uas muaj npaum li Wcr 0.5% rau 1.65%. Cov kabmob hlau faib ua cov pa roj carbon zoo li qub, cov kabmob uas tsis yog-cov kabmob steel, carburizing cov kabmob steel, stainless hlau cov kabmob steel, kub muaj kabmob hlau thiab anti-hlau nplaum steel pawg
12) Hluav taws xob silicon hlau
Hluav taws xob industrial silicon hlau yog tsuas yog siv rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm hluav taws xob industrial silicon hlau daim ntawv. Silicon steel sheet yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hlau siv los ua khoom siv ntawm cov motors thiab transformers. Raug silicon hlau yuav muab faib ua qis silicon hlau thiab siab silicon hlau raws li tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tsis tshua muaj silicon hlau Wsi1.0% -2.5%, mas siv los ua lub cev muaj zog; high silicon hlau Wsi3.0% -4.5%, feem ntau yog siv los tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon Wc ≤ 0.06% -0.08%
13) Choj hlau
Kev tsheb ciav hlau los yog kev choj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua rau lub nkoj ntawm lub tsheb, tus choj hlau yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev kawm ntawm lub zog, kev muaj zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo zog, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau xav tau. Choj hlau yog feem ntau siv alkaline ca khov rau tua hlau, qhov tsis ntev tas los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis, xws li 16 manganese, 15 manganese alum nitrogen
14) Boiler hlau
Boiler hlau yog tsuas yog siv los ua superheater, lub ntsiab chav yeeb nkab thiab boiler tua chav tsev kub qhov chaw nrog cov khoom. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv boiler yog ib qho kev vuam voog zoo, muaj qee qhov kub kub thiab ua rau alkaline corrosion, oxidation kuj. Feem ntau siv cov cua tshuab pa cua kub cua txias lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cua txias ntawm cov hlau qis, cov ntsiab lus Wc hauv 0.16% -0.26%. Raug kev siv tshuab muaj zog siab yog daim ntawv thov pearlitic cua sov-resistant hlau lossis steel hlau-austenitic cua sov. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov thev naus laus zis kuj yog siv los tsim cov boilers, xws li 12 manganese, 15 manganese vanadium, 18 manganese molybdenum niobium
15) Stainless hlau
Stainless steel acid-resistant steel hu ua stainless hlau, uas yog li ntawm steel tsis muaj hlau thiab acid-resistant steel li ntawm ob qhov, luv, yuav tiv taus atmospheric corrosion steel hu ua stainless hlau, tshuaj lom neeg kuj thiab corrosion kuj muaj hlau hu ua acid-resistant hlau. Txuas ntxiv, lub ntim ntawm Wcr uas muaj ntau tshaj 12% ntawm cov hlau muaj ib txoj hlua tsis muaj xim nyob rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov tom qab lub microstructure tau faib ua tsib pawg: namely, ferritic stainless hlau, martensitic stainless hlau, austenitic stainless hlau, Austenitic - ferritic stainless hlau thiab precipitated carbonised stainless hlau
16) Cov cua kub-hlau
Nyob rau hauv high school tej yam kev mob, nrog oxidation tsis kam thiab lub ntsiab txaus kub lub zog thiab zoo tshav kub tsis kam ntawm hlau yog hu ua tshav kub-resistant hlau. Thaum tshav kub kub-hlau, nrog rau cov cua kub-resistant thiab hlau-resistant steel ob pawg. Anti-oxidation hlau thiab tsis tuaj yeem mob tawv. Kub-zog steel yog hais txog hlau uas muaj oxidation zoo hauv siab thiab kub siab muaj zog. Kub-resistant hlau yog tsuas yog siv rau lub sij hawm ntev siv nyob rau hauv high school qhov chaw
