Standard fasteners yog dav siv dav siv tshuab, suav nrogbolts, screws, studs, ceev, washers, pins, rivets,circlips, yawm sij, expansion bolts, rigging hardware, tshwj xeeb -zoo li tus fasteners thiab lwm yam. Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom, steel qauv, engineering machinery, shipbuilding, aviation thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam rau kev sib txuas thiab kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov fasteners no tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txuas mus tas li lossis raug tshem tawm thiab rov ua kom yooj yim rau kev tu cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv hloov, ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom.
1. Bolt Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem
Bolt kev kho cua sov kuj tseem hu ua hardening kho. Ordinary hlau thiab carbon steel bolts feature tsawg hardness thiab xav tau kev kho cua sov los txhim kho lub zog thiab toughness. Hauv qhov sib piv, stainless hlau bolts muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev thiab feem ntau tsis tas yuav hardening. Raws li cov khoom yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios, sib txawv quenching thiab tempering txheej txheem yog saws kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm bolt lub zog, plasticity, toughness thiab hnav tsis kam.
1.1 Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho cua sov rau cov hlau sib txawv
Cov txheej txheem quenched thiab tempered steel txais quenching ua raws li siab - kub tempering (500 ~ 650℃). Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel txais quenching ua raws li qhov nruab nrab - kub tempering (420 ~ 520℃). Carburized alloy steel txais yuav carburizing thiab quenching ua raws li qis - kub tempering (150 ~ 250℃). Tom qab qis- carbon steel thiab alloy carbon steel yog quenched los ua martensite, lub zog txo thaum plasticity thiab toughness nce nrog qhov kub ntawm tempering. Lub hom phiaj kev kho cua sov yog xaiv raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv fastener nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Tsawg- carbon alloy steel tuaj yeem quenched thiab tempered ntawm qhov kub qis dua 250℃kom tsim siab -lub zog qis- carbon martensite. Surface carburizing yog siv los txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam, uas yog tsim rau hnav -cov qauv bolts.
Nruab nrab carbon steel txais quenching ntxiv rau siab -kub tempering ntawm 500 ~ 650 degree, uas yog quenching thiab tempering kho. Nws tuav lub zog txaus thaum khaws cov yas zoo, uas yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rausiab -lub zog structural bolts. Txhawm rau ua raws li ultra- lub zog siab nrog kev txo qis hauv plasticity thiab toughness, qis- qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem siv los tsim ultra- siab- lub zog bolts.
Nruab nrab thiab siab carbon steels (60 #, 70 #, 80 #, 90 #) yog siv rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav elastic fasteners. Quenching thiab nruab nrab-kub tempering yog siv los xyuas kom meej siab elastic txwv, tawm los txwv thiab qaug zog.
1.2 Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ua haujlwm
(1) Kev kho cua sov rau quenched thiab Tempered hlau
Kev kho ua ntej-kev kho: normalizing, annealing lossis siab -kub tempering yog ua los kho cov nplej, tshem tawm cov qauv banded, uniform hardness thiab txhim kho machinability, tsim cov qauv zoo equiaxed nplua nplej.
Quenching: Workpieces yog rhuab mus txog 850 degree. Dej quenching, roj quenching lossis cua quenching yog xaiv raws li steel hardenability thiab workpiece loj. Quenched steel nta siab hardness, tsis zoo plasticity thiab loj sab hauv residual kev nyuaj siab, uas yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm tempering rau kev ntxhov siab.
Tempering: Siab -kub tempering ntawm 400 ~ 500℃txhim kho steel plasticity thiab toughness nrog lub zog nruab nrab. Steels rhiab rau temper brittleness yuav tsum tau ceev txias tom qab tempering kom tsis txhob brittleness tsis xws luag. Rau ultra- qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog siab, qis- qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib ncig ntawm 200℃yog saws los ua siab - hardness tempered martensite.
(2) Kev kho cua sov rau Spring Steel
quenching yog nqa tawm ntawm 830 ~ 870℃nrog roj txias, ua raws li qhov nruab nrab -kub tempering ntawm 420 ~ 520℃los tsim cov qauv tempered troostite ruaj khov thiab xyuas kom zoo elasticity thiab qaug zog.
(3) Kev kho cua sov rau Carburized Steel
Carburizing: Cov txheej txheem tshuaj kho cua sov uas nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus carbon rau hauv cov hlau hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog preheating ntawm 850 degree, carburizing ntawm 890℃thiab diffusion ntawm 840℃kom nce cov ntsiab lus carbon.
quenching: carbon thiab qis- alloy carburized steel txais ncaj qha quenching los yog ib qho txheej txheem quenching.
Tempering: Tsawg-kub tempering yog siv los tshem tawm quenching sab hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho lub zog, toughness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm txheej carburized.
2. Kev txheeb xyuas txoj hauv kev rau Stainless Hlau, Galvanized thiab Nickel-Plated Bolts
2.1 Tshwm Sim Xim Xim (Txoj Kev Zoo Tshaj Plaws)
Stainless hlau boltsnthuav tawm lub ntuj matte nyoos hlau xim nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yam tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb txheej xav. Galvanized bolts muaj nyob rau hauv cov zinc dawb, xim zinc thiab dub zinc tiav, qhia pom dawb, iridescent lossis dub tshwm. Nickel-plated bolts muaj qhov sib xws thiab ci coatings nrog lub siab -gloss silver metallic tsos thiab muaj zog reflectivity.
2.2 Magnetic Identification nrog Magnet
Feem ntau stainless hlau bolts tsis yog- sib nqus thiab tsis tuaj yeem nyiam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Galvanized thiab npib tsib xee-plated bolts yog raws li carbon steel substrates nrog hlau nplaum thiab tuaj yeem nyiam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
2.3 Oxidation thiab Passivation yam ntxwv
Nickel{0}}plated bolts muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Ib daim ntawv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob sai sai rau ntawm cov nickel txheej tom qab electroplating nrog oxidation tsis kam. Galvanized bolts yog them nrog ntshiab zinc txheej yam tsis muaj siab - lub zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab muaj oxidation thiab discoloration. Stainless hlau bolts cia siab rau sab hauv chromium thiab npib tsib xee alloy ntsiab rau corrosion kuj tsis muaj txheej txheej ntxiv.
2.4 Acid thiab Alkali Corrosion Resistance
Nrog chromium thiab npib tsib xee alloy cov ntsiab lus, stainless hlau bolts muaj kev pom zoo rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali corrosion. Cov zaj duab xis passivation ntawm npib tsib xee-plated bolts zoo cais tawm corrosive media nrog qeeb corrosion. Cov zinc txheej ntawm galvanized bolts muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm siab thiab yog corroded thiab noj sai hauv cov kua qaub thiab alkali ib puag ncig.
3. Cov ntsiab lus
Rau kev txheeb xyuas txhua hnub sai, cov xim zoo li yog qhov tseem ceeb: cov hlau matte yog qhov qhia tias stainless hlau bolts; dawb, iridescent los yog dub nto qhia galvanized bolts; siab-gloss silver nto qhia npib tsib xee-plated bolts. Rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb, kev txiav txim siab dav dav ua ke nrog cov hlau nplaum, oxidation tsis kam thiab acid-puag corrosion kuj raug pom zoo kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom siv ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab qhov chaw kho kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws.
